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Councils Overview
NTUMUN 2027 is proud to showcase its 16 councils, 4 of which are designed specifically for beginners.
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Beginner Councils: Suitable for delegates who have little or no experience in MUN. The Academics team has prepared an introductory training programme tailored to each council. This will cover the basics of MUN such as Rules of Procedure and Resolution writing. The topics are also fairly straightforward, making it the perfect stage for you to put what you have learned from the training programme to action and adapt to the MUN environment.
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United Nations Environmental Assembly (UNEA)
Council type: Beginner - Virtual
TOPIC: The Question of Addressing the Environmental Impacts of the Fast Fashion Industry
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“We are in danger of destroying ourselves by our greed and stupidity. We cannot remain looking inwards at ourselves on a small and increasingly polluted and overcrowded planet."” — Stephen Hawking
Try to rewind and think about the previous pieces of clothing you’ve bought — those cheap, trendy, and “fashionable” clothes which arrive at your door in days. Behind those low prices, fast fashion, contributed by an extraordinary amount of actors, uses huge amounts of water, causes chemical pollution in rivers, and produces tiny plastic fibers into our planet's oceans. With the increasing amount of styles arriving every few weeks, and fast fashion brands producing 100 to 150 billion garments a year using cheap materials, people from developed nations are consuming more clothing and discarding them at a faster rate — millions of tonnes of clothing end up burned or buried every year. Furthermore, improper disposal of waste could lead to detrimental environmental impacts, ultimately reducing our quality of life. Now, the council’s challenge is to find new sustainable and practical ways to hold companies and other actors accountable, encourage recycling and the usage of sustainable clothing materials, and share responsibility fairly between all state members, whilst keeping in mind the workers and communities affected behind the scenes.
The future of planet Earth is in your hands.
Established in June of 2012, the United Nations Environmental Assembly is the world’s highest decision-making body on the environmental sector. The body meets every two years under the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), which is based in Kenya. Every UN Member State has been allocated a seat and a voice, allowing all 193 countries to work hand in hand on the largest worldwide challenges regarding climate change, pollution, and the loss of nature. In 2022, UNEA agreed to begin negotiations to form a global treaty to end plastic pollution. From that effort, it has shown the world how its decisions can shape real action around the planet. Although the solutions formed by this UN body are not legally binding, they still carry a strong political weight. Within this committee, delegates are expected to share their ideas for effective solutions, collaborate closely with other nations, and show great democracy from one delegate to another.
World Health Organisation (WHO)
Council type: Beginner - Physical
The World Health Organization (WHO) was established on 7 April 1948 as an effort to coordinate international health legislation post-World War II. The organization was first proposed by Brazil and China in a 1945 U.N. Conference in San Francisco, which eventually led to the drafting of the Constitution of the World Health Organization. The constitution was then signed by 51 U.N. member states and 10 non-U.N. member states in 1946. The WHO only came into force on 7 April 1946 as Article 80 of the constitution stated it needs at least 26 member states to ratify it for it to take effect. WHO soon became decentralized by partnering with regional and country offices in: Africa, Americas, Eastern Mediterranean, Europe, South-East Asia, and the Western Pacific. The organisation’s main priority is to ensure that a billion more people have universal health coverage, to protect a billion more people from health emergencies, and to provide a further billion people with better health and well-being.​
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TOPIC: The Question of Integration of Brain-Computer Interfaces into Global Healthcare ​
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“Our future is a race between the growing power of technology and the wisdom with which we use it.” - Stephen Hawking
Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) have evolved from a mere theoretical idea into one of the most prominent innovations in modern healthcare. It now provides unlimited possibilities to restore mobility for the paralysed, improve communication for the non-verbal and treat those with neurological disorders. However, with private corporations and governments wrestling to compete and further their research, ethical, social and economic implications arise. Instead of improving global healthcare, BCIs risk becoming an exclusive luxury that deepens the global healthcare divide. Moreover, the lack of ethical considerations can lead to dangerous moral gray areas surrounding neural data privacy and bioethical safety, causing millions of individuals in developing countries denied access to treatment that can transform their lives, and those partaking in treatment putting their personal data on the line.
Hence, establishing clear regulatory standards and equitable accessibility frameworks is an imperative to allow for the development of BCIs to be expedited, ensuring that they genuinely improve global healthcare. Delegates, will you establish policies to ensure that the development of neural technology aims to serve humanity? Or will you stand by and see how this life-saving innovation remains out of reach for millions?
United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (UNCSTD)
Council type: Beginner - Physical
The United Nations Commission on Science and Technology for Development (UNCSTD), a subsidiary body of the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC), serves as an international forum for addressing how science and technology can support development. Through its policy recommendations to ECOSOC and the General Assembly, the Commission places particular emphasis on harnessing technological advancements to ensure that everyone benefits, not just those leading the way.​
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TOPIC: The Question of Addressing the Development and Deployment of Autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI) Agents
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“I am far more afraid of machine stupidity than of machine intelligence.” — Sendhil Mullainathan
Going beyond simply responding to prompts, autonomous AI agents are becoming increasingly capable of independently planning and carrying out tasks with limited human intervention. While these advancements in AI have boosted productivity and technological capabilities, the growing autonomy of the technology has caused serious problems globally.
While AI agents can easily make decisions for humans, to what extent should they be allowed to act without human approval? If the AI agent causes harm in the process of executing a task, who should bear responsibility? The developer, deployer or the user? As nations race to harness this up-and-coming technology, where should the regulators draw the line between restrictions and the freedom to innovate as AI agents grow bigger in the world?
Act now to set the rules, before machine stupidity makes the decisions for you.
Disarmament and International Security Committee (DISEC)
Council type: Beginner - Physical
Established in the wake of the Second World War, the Disarmament and International Security Committee was formed to promote peace and encourage security through disarmament across the globe. Working alongside bodies such as the UNODA and the Conference on Disarmament in order to further these objectives, DISEC is at the forefront of discussions on many pressing arms control issues raging across the world. With all 193 member states of the UN possessing an equal voice within the committee, it serves as a crucial platform for nations to address some of the most pressing security challenges faced by the global community.
TOPIC: The Question Of Managing Violent Non-State Armed Groups (VNSAGs)
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“People sleep peaceably in their beds at night only because rough men stand ready to do violence on their behalf.” – George Orwell
War has evolved in the most recent years. Conventionally, countries’ militaries used to directly fight each other, but many now hide behind the cover of Violent Non-State Armed Groups (VNSAGs), using them in proxy wars and guerilla warfare. Not being subject to the same strictness of international law compared to states, these VNSAGs frequently get sponsored by governments to commit war crimes in their place, allowing governments to deny involvement and responsibility. As a result, VNSAGs have led to the loss of many innocent lives where closure and justice are not adequately served. This issue does not lie solely on the battlefield — it extends towards diplomacy, economies, and the livelihoods of the innocent. Without immediate management of these VNSAGs, the line between a state’s responsibility and a VNSAG’s responsibility will only become increasingly blurred.
Thus, managing these VNSAGs and establishing clear accountability mechanisms is not simply a suggestion, but a must in today’s world in order to establish responsibility not only on the battleground, but also in diplomacy and law. Delegates, will you be able to successfully navigate this grayzone and save countless lives?
Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
Council type: Intermediate - Virtual
Established in 1960, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) is a permanent intergovernmental body that is charged with coordinating and unifying the petroleum policies of its Member States and Countries. In pursuing its goals of oil market stability worldwide, a reliable and adequate supply of petroleum alongside a fair return to the oil producer, OPEC has undoubtedly made a great impact on the world energy scene. The organization aims to maintain stability of the oil market and protect the economic interests of oil-producing countries and industries in a world that is increasingly interconnected through the cooperation of its members.
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TOPIC: The Question of Preserving OPEC’s Unity and Effectiveness in an Evolving Global Oil Market
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“Coming together is the beginning, but keeping together is progress, and working together is success.” A line from Henry Ford, founder of Ford Motor Company, perfectly encapsulates OPEC’s dynamics across the globe. The global energy market is now at crossroads. Geopolitical strains, unpredictable oil demand in economic volatility, and the rapid shift towards cleaner energy solutions are reforming the fundamentals on which OPEC was built on. Amidst this growing volatility in the global energy landscape, the world organization is confronted with an existential challenge, that being, the world holding together its Member States tightly enough to use them effectively as a “bulwark” behind global oil market stability. National interests in economy, petroleum production capacities and longer term developmental strategies diverge widely, and are capable of complicating joint decision making, a nascent literature suggests that the sustainability of cooperation regimes in times of unprecedented uncertainty among member states.
On the other hand, the rise of alternative or “clean” energy sources and global consumption patterns have emerged, which results in OPEC to adjust—yet without compromising the interests of its members. It is not just a question of oil production, but also solidarity, economic sovereignty of states, and joint responsibility. In the absence of this anticipated coordination, mutual confidence building measures and firm political will to pursue common grounds have the potential of undermining OPEC’s credibility and marginalising it in global energy markets.
Therefore, it is a matter of key-building blocks in securing a stable and predictable global energy future. Delegates are to challenge the balance of diverse national goals against collective response so that OPEC can remain coherent and a team player in the affairs of international energy disputes, even as it moves through a changing global market. Are you up for the challenge?
Thai House of Representatives (THOR)
Council type: Intermediate - Physical
Situated geographically at the crossroads of Southeast Asia, Thailand’s House of Representatives has found itself caught in a political, and existential firestorm. Within the last year alone, it saw its very prime minister ousted by royalists, border skirmishes with Cambodia erupt into open conflict, and snap elections called as the nascent democracy staggers further into uncertain territory. With the very nation caught between the old order of the judiciary and the monarchy and its new reach towards self-governance, Thailand poses the ultimate test of whether democracy can truly succeed.
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TOPIC 1: The Question of Reviewing the Eastern Economic Corridor Strategy
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Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor (EEC) stands as one of the country’s key drivers of economic growth, attracting investment while transforming the Eastern region through advanced industries and infrastructure, but rapid development brings challenges to sustainability, employment, and local communities. As the EEC continues to expand, what solutions can Representatives propose to ensure Thailand’s growth remains inclusive and sustainable?
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TOPIC 2: The Question of Addressing Thailand’s Ageing Population
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No country is safe from the issue of an ageing population. Quickly becoming an ultra-aged society, Thailand must mitigate the ageing crisis while dealing with the repercussions on its workforce, social security and healthcare system. Monthly allowances, expanded aged care and even lottery-based pensions have yet to fully tackle the long-term economic and social challenges the country faces. Before demographic shifts permanently alter Thailand’s future, how will Representatives protect the elderly while ensuring the sustainability of Thailand’s workforce and economy?
Organisation of African Unity (OAU)
Council type: Intermediate - Physical
On the 25th of May 1963, the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) was born out of the ashes of colonialism and signalled a crucial turning point in the sweeping historical tides and political currents across the African mainland. Founded in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia by 32 newly independent African nations, the OAU is guided by the core belief that unity is crucial to the economic, political, and social development of indigenous Africans. Enshrined in its charter, and through its key institutions of the Assembly of Heads of State and Government as well as the Council of Ministers, the OAU champions the demolition of the vestiges of imperialism and the promotion of sovereign equality. Amid deep ideological divisions, intense rivalries over national sovereignty, and systemic colonial fault lines, this council is at the helm of resolving these pressing issues plaguing the future of Africa and its peoples.
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​TOPIC: The Question of the Political and Economic Decolonisation of the African Continent
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“Ikiwa unataka kwenda haraka, nenda peke yako. Ikiwa unataka kwenda mbali, nenda pamoja.” The African proverb in Swahili for: “If you want to go fast, go alone. If you want to go far, go together.”
Since the end of the Second World War, this continent has been steeped in violent power struggles, ethnic wars, and economic tragedies. From the entrenched stances of the Casablanca-Monrovia debate, to the volatile governance of newly-independent states, Africa is far from the united and peaceful vision championed by its leaders. Drenched in centuries of colonial history, African nations must wring themselves dry from their exploited pasts. However, therein lies the question - how should this continent overcome a legacy of systemic disadvantages and international neglect? Proponents of Pan-Africanism trump ideas of all Africans, both continental and diaspora, collectively progressing, with a united currency, military, and government. Critics pivot to individual state sovereignty and policy autonomy, citing the need for independent pathways toward progress. Neither side has fully addressed the nuances of neo-colonialism, the divide between existing tribal and Westphalian governance, or friction between the continent’s diverse ethnicities. Both pathways offer a fragile tightrope between prosperity and catastrophic failure.
This therefore begs the question - how should Africa progress, address continental nuances, and collaborate effectively amid these tumultuous times? The OAU must solve this paramount issue, before yet another century of African suffering passes by.
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17th Politburo of the Communist Party of China (CPC)
Council type: Advanced - Physical
“The Red Army fears not the Long March trial,
Ten thousand crags and torrents but a smile.
The Five Ridges crest like small waves rolling by,
The Wumeng peaks are mud-balls to the eye.”
~ Mao Zedong, “Long March.” (1935)
Thirty autumns have come and gone since Mao Zedong’s tumultuous political storms subsided. One score since Deng Xiaoping’s Southern Tour. A decade since Jiang Zemin’s gradual integration of China into the global economy. The Communist Party of China is now a far cry from the underground revolutionary movement with 57 members that it once was – it now stands at the helm of one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, emerging from the throes of the Cultural Revolution and the Century of Humiliation.
However, beneath the apparent surge in prosperity lies a growing plethora of predicaments that serve to temper such optimism. Factionalism between the Tuanpai populists and the elitist-cum-princeling coalition has only escalated since Jiang, worsening divisions on issues ranging from the national economic direction to social welfare. Meanwhile, the Party’s appeal to the general masses continues to weaken further due to ideological shifts from within. Within the past century, the Chinese people have lost two systems of belief and life orientation – Confucian tradition and Marxism-Leninism.
Comrade, you will navigate unique and eccentric dynamics; political horsetrading will be the norm, and the prevalence of euphemisms will require you to read between the lines at all times. Abandon hope, all ye who enter here, for this is a challenge unsuited for the uninitiated. For delegates who are brave enough to rise to the occasion, good luck. You’ll need it.
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TOPIC 1: The Question of Preserving Communist Party Rule
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“We solemnly declare that we will not adopt a multiparty system; nor tolerate diversification of guiding ideologies; nor implement the separation of powers or a bicameral system; nor carry out federalism; or privatisation.”
~ Wu Bangguo, the “Five Noes” (2011)
The Communist Party of China has, for close to six decades, been the bulwark of political life, government and ideology in China. However, its rule faces new and pernicious challenges today. If the near-death experience of 1989 has taught the leadership anything, cracks have begun to show beneath the Party’s ironclad hold on power. From the divisions between the Northern and Southern schools of Neo-authoritarianism to the strengthening of state institutions such as the National People’s Congress at the expense of Party oversight, the existential political dilemmas faced by the post-Mao Party remains largely perennial: the degree of Party tolerance of pluralism and democratisation, the extent of the Party’s grip over the state, as well as the ability of the Party to sustain economic development in a manner that benefits its legitimacy to rule.
The problems do not simply stop there, however. Corruption remains endemic, serving as a reminder to the masses of the stark contrast between the Party’s ideological commitments and the material realities vis-à-vis the political economy. As the liberalisation of the economy grants the elite the near-unbridled ability to accumulate private wealth, eyebrows have been raised regarding party discipline and cadre integrity, and stories abound of the venality of the children of the rich and powerful, even those of Politburo members.
The Party thus stands at a critical crossroads in determining the fate of its fundamental role in government. Is the party to give into the compounding demands for democracy, or will the neo-authoritarian ideology espoused by Xiao Gongqin and Wang Huning in the late 80s and early 90s triumph once more? Do we loosen the reins of centralised authority, and in turn risk fracture and disunity?
Comrades, act now, or risk the Party losing its grip on power to the very contradictions it sought to contain.
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TOPIC 2: The Question of Deepening Economic Reform and Promoting Growth
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“Some people think […] one must bake a large cake before dividing it; they are mistaken. If the distribution is unfair, those who make the cake won’t feel motivated to bake it.”
~ Bo Xilai at a municipal economic work conference. (2010)
From the ascension of Deng to power till today, a cascading series of economic reforms and thinking has been ushered in. Zhou Enlai’s Four Modernisations, Jiang Zemin’s Three Represents, Hu Jintao’s Scientific Outlook on Development, and Deng Xiaoping’s Reform and Opening Up have crucially steered China towards rapid economic success, moving past the Maoist command economy of the first thirty years.
Underneath the sky-high figures of GDP yet precipitates a troubling assortment of economic quandaries: competing ideological poster child economic models in Chongqing and Guangdong, an increasingly unsustainable and imbalanced rate of economic growth, the growing disparity between the coastal provinces and the rural interior, and widening wealth inequality with the birth of the economic elite – contradicting Communist promises to eliminate social class. The perennial issues of powerhouse-style capitalism have undoubtedly begun to take root in China.
Comrades, how will you navigate through these macroeconomic pressures, while preventing the stagnation of China’s ever-illustrious development? Will you guide China towards Hu’s conservatism and cautious welfarism, or pivot back to, and expand on the Shanghai Clique’s growth-centric policies? How far will the state and Party unshackle the chains of the unpredictable free market, and risk letting loose a monster of volatility? The conundrum of China’s economic fate lies in your hands.
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National Assembly of France (NAF)
Council type: Advanced - Physical
As the central legislative body of the French Republic, the National Assembly of France (NAF), or Assemblée nationale, acts as the lower house of the French Parliamentary system. Founded as the parliamentary body of the Fifth Republic in 1958, the NAF holds a special place within the semi-presidential French political system. As it is the lower house of the French parliament, it holds the responsibility of controlling the office of Prime Minister and can enact a vote of no confidence as it so wishes. Furthermore, as the legislature of the Republic, it holds the authority to draft and modify the laws, budgets, and other state policies – allowing the NAF to set the national agenda for the Republic.
With 557 deputies, the NAF is a staggeringly diverse body, representing metropolitan Paris to the shores of New Caledonia, comprising three main factions: the New Popular Front, Ensemble, and the National Rally – all representing the Left, Centre, and Right of French politics. Equally, through its diverse ideological views, the NAF constantly suffers from a hung parliament, whereas no single coalition receives a majority within the NAF. This limits its ability to pass legislation and voids the parliament’s capabilities as the legislature of the Republic.
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TOPIC: The 2024 French Political Crisis (Dynamic Agenda)
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"What's missing in French politics is a king." - Emmanuel Macron
As the waves crash onto the sinking presidential administration, the Fifth Republic experiences the head winds of executive blunder at its best. Emanuel Macron, a deeply unpopular dogmatic centrist, seeks to reinforce his grip after his coalition – Ensemble – suffers an electoral defeat at their own hands. Without a clear majority, the National Assembly lacks a proper leader amongst the factions and thus has been relegated to a hung parliament, where, although the New Popular Front has a plurality of the seats, it lacks a significant mandate due to the bickering . Now left, centre, and right, all the factions are vying for their place in the spotlight. France has entered a state of political deadlock that it can only solve through the most French way, through taking advantage of its leviathan constitution.
Yet, Macron has a card up his sleeve - Article 49 of the Republic Constitution. This article allows the executive to pass legislation without the approval of the antagonistic National Assembly. Be it controversial, it might be Macron's only chance to survive. It allows Emanuel Macron to essentially act unfettered from the whims of his opponents or even the French people. Whilst Melenchon deprives this undemocratic ploy, and Le Pen attacks Macron’s austerity: it is he and his Prime Minister who have supreme power over state legislation.
Now, the deputies of the deadlock National Assembly of France (NAF) must sort out the immaculately messy set of cards that they have been dealt with. As the legislature of the Republic, the NAF, holds the power to set the course of the nation; whether the ship leads into rough waters or into smooth sailing, the rudders are set by the representatives of the people. Will the Fifth Republic survive? Or will the dawn of a new era yield from the fog?
United Nations Security Council (UNSC)
Council type: Advanced - Physical
“The rule of law is a cornerstone of global peace and prosperity. [Yet] words are not being matched by action. Around the world, the rule of law is being replaced by the law of the jungle.” ~ António Guterres (UN Secretary-General)
Established on 24th October 1945 with the signing of the United Nations (UN) Charter, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is one of six primary organs of the UN, responsible for maintaining international order and peace through legally binding resolutions. Its members consist of the Permanent 5 (P5) members and ten non-permanent members serving two-year terms. Over the years, the UNSC's role has evolved from managing traditional security issues to include the handling of non-traditional security issues such as cyber-attacks as well. It has also become involved in peacekeeping missions around the world to protect refugees, volunteers and aid workers, as well as ensuring the administration of free and fair elections.
Yet, the modern UNSC has faced much scrutiny over its legitimacy and effectiveness, particularly with the increasing use of the veto power, driven by greater division among the P5 on a variety of issues. Institutional gridlock has paralysed the council, prolonging conflicts from the Russo-Ukrainian War to the Israel-Hamas War with no clear resolution in sight.
Delegates, will you proactively work to ensure the UNSC plays a productive role in upholding global peace and prosperity? Or will you ensure that the UNSC continues to be mired in vetocracy and remain fundamentally “UN-involved” in peace?
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TOPIC: The Question of the 2026 Iran War
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“We're winning the war by a lot. We've decimated their whole evil empire. It'll continue, I'm sure, for a little while.” - President Donald Trump to reporters aboard Air Force One, March 7 2026
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Forget the United States and Iran. Having continued for more than “a little while,” this war has swept countries worldwide into a crisis, turning this into a global issue as nations find themselves in the crossfire. The 2026 Iran War has caused the escalation of tensions in the Middle East, with disastrous effects extending far beyond the region. The Strait of Hormuz, which operates as a vital energy chokepoint, has become the epicentre of this crisis, further undermining the rules-based order that we (used to) live in. Tensions over nuclear weapons capabilities, alongside disagreements over the terms of a ceasefire, have hindered any and all diplomatic efforts.
Considering what is at stake here, will the delegates of the UNSC rise to the occasion and restore peace within our crumbling world before the unfolding crisis in the Persian Gulf spirals out of control or will the council succumb to yet another power struggle? The choice is yours, delegates.
World Bank (WB)
Council type: Advanced - Physical
Founded in 1944 at Bretton Woods amidst the wreckage of the Second World War, the World Bank Group made its very first loan to France in 1947 as an effort to reconstruct Europe after the war. After 8 decades, 189 member states of the World Bank Group invest billions of dollars into building roads, power networks, educational institutions, and health care facilities in the developing world. Behind each dollar stands the Board of Executive Directors, a board of 25 Directors who approve each and every loan and policy implemented by WBG. This council is where delegates sit as Executive Directors during a joint meeting of the Boards of IBRD, IDA, IFC and MIGA.
TOPIC: The Question of Mobilising Private Capital
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“Rule No. 1: Never lose money. Rule No. 2: Never forget rule No. 1.” - Warren Buffett
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Every year, the world falls short of $4 trillion in Sustainable Development financing, and meanwhile trillions of dollars in private wealth remain idle in pension funds and insurance vaults, too afraid to touch markets they deem too risky. What does the World Bank do? Stop lending alone. Leverage everyone else. On the face of it, it did the trick. An unprecedented amount of $112bn private capital mobilised within one year. However, beneath the headlines there lies a brutal truth. The poorest countries were thrown crumbs, while wealthier countries feasted. And those who need it the most are left behind, once again.
Without the intervention of the World Bank, the countries of the Global South may be doomed to immiseration. This is no YOLO trade. Every guarantee is a bet on someone’s future. Delegates, place your bets wisely.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
Council type: Intermediate (Specialized) - Physical
"The Olympic Games were created for the exaltation of the individual athlete." - Pierre de Coubertin, Founder of the modern day Olympics
Following its revival in 1896, the Olympics continues to advocate for solidarity and peace through sports to youths. The IOC mandates the spirit of Olympism through impartial exaltation of athletes internationally, while NOCs represent their countries’ interests in the Olympic Movement and develop athletes nationally. Yet, the impartial exaltation promised has become steeped in doubt in recent years. Athletes from disadvantaged backgrounds face disparities in their preparation for the games. International conflicts create potential pitfalls for the violation of the Olympic Charter.
Will the games’ forthrightness still stand amidst geopolitical tensions? Will the Olympics be able to hold true to her virtue of equity while maintaining her competitive spirit? Delegates, the future of the podium is yours to draft.
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TOPIC 1: The Question of Strengthening Pre-Olympic Preparation for Athletes
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“Nothing can substitute for plain hard work.” - Jesse Owens, 4-time Olympic Gold Medallist.
Every athlete hopes that their immense effort will translate into the privilege and pride of standing on the podium. That is what we wish to believe.
With the rapid progression of science and technology, pre-Olympic preparation has defined the boundaries of success. Despite an athlete's tireless efforts, their sporting potential is limited by the quality of their preparation — a quality directly tied to their country’s financial capacity. Effective training will always outpace sheer perseverance. If this current situation is to prevail, the Olympics risk becoming increasingly unequal. Sporting success is no longer determined by the sheer hustle behind each athlete, but rather a testimony to effective sporting systems and resources made available by a country. The Olympics aim for global inclusion of athletes. However, when athletes facing resource scarcity are constrained to limited resources, a small and select group of countries capture a disproportionate amount of medals.
Equality is seen as a respected and cherished value of the Olympics. Yet, if its scope merely covers equality of the games, we risk mistaking an equal starting line from an equal opportunity to reach it. Athletes should not be limited based on their resources. If the Olympic dream is truly meant to be accessible to all, the circumstances of the athlete's home should never curtail their limitless ambition.
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TOPIC 2: The Question of Athlete Reintegration from Sanctioned States
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Since the founding of the Olympics, the symbolism of national pride and international presence in sport has been an honour and burden carried by all athletes.
Yet, as the global geopolitical landscape evolves, conflicts that riddle bilateral relationships have led to the diplomatic exclusion of nations deemed belligerent or problematic. Sporting representation rights are compromised as collateral. However, a more acute perspective would reveal that the legitimate repercussions of such tensions on the sporting field is minimal. Athletes gain no competitive advantage from the transgressions of their parent nation, but face the consequences of systematic exclusion nevertheless. This gap could not be clearer - there needs to be a clear distinction between penalties on athletes for personal offences and governmental transgressions on a national level; and when the two may intersect.
Therefore the establishment of a reliable framework to manage intrinsic political influence is imperative - to safeguard competitive integrity, while desisting exploitative acts by vested state actors.
Star Wars: The Jedi Council
Council type: Advanced (Specialized) - Physical
A long time ago, in a galaxy far, far away, a civilization stood, committed to maintaining peace and to live in harmony throughout the galaxy. For centuries, the Jedi have sought to uphold peace and remained steadfast in repelling the forces of darkness. No matter what stood in their way, be it the Sith or Separatists, the Jedi never failed to subdue these issues quickly. The Jedi Council consists of 12 Jedi Masters, who have proven themselves as worthy masters of the force through their commitment and action for the Jedi Order and code. The Jedi Masters within the Jedi Council frequently convene and discuss on how they can improve the Jedi Order and their methods of teaching, to ensure the future and legacy of the Jedi Order is not compromised.​
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TOPIC: The Clone Wars (Dynamic Agenda)
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Everything seemed serene in the galaxy until recently. It all started from a journey to Kamino by Master Jedi Obi-wan Kenobi to seek reason towards the assasination attempt on Senator Padmé Amidala. The clone army was then discovered and used by the Jedi, to act as a weapon against the Separatists, the biggest threat to peace back then.
Wars. Battles. Death. These are the only things that are witnessed in the galaxy as of today. The Clones have brought many victories for the Jedi. Used as extra backup and weapons, they have brought down countless enemies for the Republic. However, something dark was brewing under their noses this whole time… something evil… something bad… The fate of the galaxy does not remain on the battlefield, but within the chambers of the Jedi Council. Will the Jedi order become instruments of war, or bringers of peace and order?
ASEAN Community
By the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the ASEAN Community is a regional integration framework built on three sub-communities — the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC), and the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC). Consisting of 11 Member States, the ASEAN Community aims to achieve deeper regional cooperation and a people-centred future. ​
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Central Topic: The Question of the South China Sea Territorial Dispute
For many years, the South China Sea territorial dispute has been a heated topic for debate. The overlapping territorial and maritime conflict involves many entities, including China, Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and Taiwan. The long-lasting conflict of over 50 years holds a lot at stake — control over vital shipping lanes carrying over $3 trillion in annual global trade, rich fishing grounds, and significant oil and natural gas reserves. Within the ASEAN Community, the South China Sea territorial dispute will be broken down into 3 topics to explore its economic impacts in the AEC, security impacts in the APSC, and environmental impacts in the ASCC.
ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
Council type: Intermediate - Physical
Officially established in 2015, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) stands as a pillar of the Declaration of ASEAN Concord II. Its role is vital, having served as a platform that has propelled ASEAN to the 5th largest economic bloc globally and becoming China’s largest trading partner.
Looking forward, the AEC is focused on building a resilient and inclusive ASEAN economic ecosystem through initiatives including, inter alia, plans to value-add in the blue economy and by improving the region’s global value chain (GVC) competitiveness. Throughout these advances, the AEC is to keep in sight ASEAN’s founding principles of consultation and consensus. Hence, this council works to advance ASEAN’s economic interests rain or shine by establishing a unified market that is equitable and prosperous.
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TOPIC: The Question of Protecting Maritime Economic Activity Amidst South China Sea Territorial Disputes
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“For whosoever commands the sea commands the trade; whosoever commands the trade of the world commands the riches of the world, and consequently the world itself.” - Sir Walter Raleigh.
The South China Sea is one of the busiest maritime regions in the world that witnesses the flow of goods and services that are worth trillions of dollars. This area is frequently described as the “chokepoint” which links the Strait of Malacca and Strait of Taiwan to an increasingly connected ASEAN. Hence, there are economic implications whenever a conflict happens - whether the flows are smooth or disrupted relies heavily on the happenings in the South China Sea, which is exactly why South China Sea’s territorial disputes never cease to be a hot topic in such a volatile world. The overlapping claims in this region for decades further amplify this complex relationship between both claimants and non-claimants in shaping the economic scene of South China Sea. If left without solutions, maritime economic activities can be halted in times of heightened territorial disputes, potentially damaging countries’ ties and their subsequent economic power balance.
Solutions were put forth, but their effectiveness varies due to states’ conflicting interests and willingness to abide. Can the ASEAN Economic Council come together once again to solve such a dilemma? Delegates, let’s get the ship going!
ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)
Council type: Intermediate - Physical
Eleven ASEAN countries, one regional body, and one core goal: to act as the sword and shield for ASEAN’s political security.
Established in 2015, the ASEAN Political-Security Committee (APSC) is one of the pillars of the ASEAN Community, tasked with ensuring that countries in the region live at peace with one another and with the world in a just, democratic and harmonious environment. It promotes political development according to the principles of democracy, the rule of law and the protection of human rights as enshrined under the ASEAN Charter. As a whole, the APSC encourages countries to resolve disputes peacefully while also acting as a platform for defense and security talks, such as ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) and the ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting (ADMM) to manage issues like terrorism and human rights.
Delegates, the time has come — put on your armor, raise your shield, and join the APSC today to safeguard the security of our region!
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TOPIC: The Question of Maintaining Maritime Security Amidst South China Sea Territorial Disputes
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Spanning over 3.55 million square kilometres, the South China Sea (SCS) is a crucial waterway, containing some of the most important shipping routes in the world, and also an abundance of natural resources which sustains the livelihood of millions. Possessing such immense potential, it is no wonder that countries have claimed the various zones of this sea as early as the 1970s. This scramble for territory has led ASEAN-China tensions to steadily mount, with clashes on the ground showing no sign of stopping.
But beneath the raging sea of conflict lies a highly complex web of security issues—from Grey Zone operations and overlapping territorial claims, to the erosion of Freedom of Navigation (FoN) and an increase in transnational crime, it is safe to say that the South China Sea is more than one single territorial dispute, and every country’s involvement is vital to the outcome. What seems to be a petty conflict on the surface actually hides a precarious battle for territory, and a single military outburst could trigger a chain of serious conflicts.
Delegates, amidst the stormy sea ahead, the onus now lies on you to safeguard our security: how will you join hands and sail your boat safely to shore?
ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)
Council type: Intermediate - Physical
Officially launched in 2015, the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC) is one of the three foundational pillars of ASEAN. It has a focus on cultivating mutual understanding and shared values among states, while ensuring development is sustainable and people-oriented in the face of external threats and regional challenges. The ASCC operates through 15 sectoral bodies covering various areas, such as environmental conservation and disaster management. For NTUMUN 2027, ASCC will be adopting the mandate of the ASEAN Ministerial Meeting on Environment (AMME), which focuses on a wide range of environmental issues, including the preservation of the marine environment. Through frameworks such as the ASCC Blueprint 2025, and collaboration with ASEAN’s other pillars and foreign partners, the ASCC guides social development projects to promote a greater quality of life for Southeast Asian citizens.​
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TOPIC: The Question of Protecting the Marine Environment Amidst South China Sea Territorial Disputes
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Recent tensions between China and ASEAN Member States in the South China Sea have resulted in severe ecological damage and environmental harm for the 6500 marine species and 1.87 billion people inhabiting the region. Island dredging, and large-scale construction projects, which have been used to assert territorial claims or provide military and humanitarian assistance, have damaged coral reefs, polluted waters, and depleted marine life.
In recent years, violations of the United Nations Convention on the Laws of the Sea (UNCLOS) related to preserving the marine environment and unresolved maritime jurisdictions on disputed waters have compounded challenges to conservation efforts. While confrontations arise and claimant states grapple for power, ministers must tackle the difficult question of establishing environmental protection and accountability frameworks, while navigating intricate territorial disputes, self-interested geopolitical dynamics, and funding gaps.
Will ASCC be able to collaborate on shared conservation efforts, or are the existing barriers impossible to overcome?